Strategic Management Business Organization

Question: Talk about the Strategic Management for Business Organization. Answer: Presentation: Key administration is the way toward sorting out of the considerable number of activities of a business association. In this unique situation, the business associations are required to perform appropriate exercises for accomplishing the upper hands. This is significant for getting the ideal degree of accomplishment in the business activities. In this report, the vital issues of the organization BHP Billiton have been examined and some vital arrangement have been accommodated the further improvement of the organization to get elevated level of accomplishment later on business activities of the organization. In the time of 2008, the organization had rethought their operational systems. It made a major stride towards the change of the valuing technique in 2011 (Bhpbilliton.com, 2016). This was finished by thinking about the interest and gracefully of the financial aspects of the worldwide towns. The adjusted evaluating procedure was done in for the most part for the iron metal and metal lurgical coal. This progression was considered as the major advance of the organization towards the positive turn of events. Centering in the low estimating procedure had the option to draw in a large number of the value delicate purchasers (Story, 2014). Over the most recent five years the most significant procedures taken by the organization were; low estimating technique, blue broiler system, center around the financial turn of events and worldwide enhancement methodology. Key Issues: According to the past exploration work and investigation, the principle vital issue looked by the organization was in the segment of the flexibly chain the board exercises. As indicated by Eden and Ackermann (2013), the organization was neglected to distinguish the best possible areas for the assembling plants. So as to get the achievement in their minimal effort procedure, the organization ought to build up the assembling plants close to the spots of the providers areas and the market where the items will be sold. This is significant in light of the fact that the cost of the items can be limited on the off chance that he creation cost is limited which is exceptionally identified with the flexibly chain the board of the organization (Bhpbilliton.com, 2016). On the off chance that the assembling plants are created in such a spot which isn't close to the provider and target advertise, at that point the transportation cost and overheads become high which was a major issue looked by the organization for limiting the cost of their creates items. This issue should be illuminated and the organization needs to recognize the best possible areas structure where it can work the business activities adequately. Another significant issue looked by the organization is the upkeep of the client base. So as to keep up the client base, the organization is giving the items at a lower value extend. The organization is likewise centering in the zone of the nature of the items. A few clients have an impression of that the lower value items are low quality items. Along these lines, the organization has a significant level of need of keeping up the item quality for holding their image an incentive in the objective market (Bhpbilliton.com, 2016). So as to improve the client relationship, the organization is giving some extra qualities to their clients, which is adding more expenses to their business tasks. Now and then these exercises are influencing the benefit of the organization in a negative manner. In the zone of the key administration, the human asset the board of the organization is a significant part. The organization is confronting some significant issues in the HRM with respect to the wellbeing and security necessities of the workers. The organization has the obligation of marinating the wellbeing and security of the workers at their assembling plants. Dangers in regards to the soundness of the representatives are a significant issue in the assembling plants of the organization. There are bunches of exercises which are related with some extraordinary dangers in regards to the soundness of the representatives (David, 2016). Here, the organization needs to utilize appropriate precautionary measures and successful HRM rehearses for diminishing the word related wellbeing and dangers at the working environments of the organization. System Options: In the wake of breaking down the key issues of the organization, a few procedures have been proposed for the organization for settling the issues. The distinguished systems are examined in this area with the assistance of the RACE structure. Thos system assists with investigating the anticipated methodologies to comprehend whether the techniques are adoptable by the business association or not (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). In this segment, a few methodologies have recognized and broke down to comprehend the degree of adoptability by the association. Cost Leadership: Cost initiative methodology is the best technique for lessening the expense of the items. In this technique, the organization needs to choose legitimate providers and different wellsprings of business for decreasing the creation cost just as keeping up the nature of the items. In this technique the administration of the association needs to focus in the territory of the observing of calculated and flexibly chain activities of the organization (Eden Ackermann, 2013). As indicated by the RACE outline work, the technique is investigated in the segment given beneath: Assets required for the execution of this technique are the HR of the organization and some cash. These assets are accessible inside the association, so the assets are effectively accessible inside the association. It might be adequate by the outer partners yet some issue might be looked by the inward partners as the methodology needs some mentionable measure of speculation and additional endeavors to be executed. The procedure is sufficiently sound to be actualized as the exercises required in this system are sufficiently basic to be comprehended by each representative and the board engaged with the authoritative administration and works (Wells Hawkins, 2014). It must be successful for the association as it will assist with building up the minimal effort system which is one of the most significant targets of the business methodology of the organization. This will assist with drawing in the value delicate clients to the business technique of the association. The issues with respect to the expense of the organization will be settled by the utilization of this technique. So as to support later on business tasks, the organization required to center in their evaluating methodology for contending with the contender organizations over the costs of the items. Open Communication with the workers: The significant issue looked by the organization is the issues with respect to the wellbeing and security issues of the workers. In this worry, the administration needs to comprehend the necessities of the representatives and what are the issues looked by them in their work places. Regularly the business associations can't comprehend the genuine issues in regards to the issues looked by the representatives in light of the fact that the workers dont have the stage for the immediate or open correspondence with the upper administration (Bratton Gold, 2012). So as to determine this issue, the organization needs to build up an improved hierarchical culture where the representatives will have the option to speak to their issues to the senior level, with the goal that they can take appropriate activities. Along these lines, the administration of the association will have the option to effectively resolve the wellbeing and security necessities issues by the best possible understanding the is sues looked by the representatives in their association (Wells Hawkins, 2014). Assets require for this system is the viable administration style. This asset is effectively accessible in the association. So it tends to be said that the technique can be handily actualized for the improvement of the human asset the board of the association. The methodology will be satisfactory by the representatives, yet there might be some issue with respect to the acknowledgment of the prevalent administration of the organization. The technique can hamper the general administration style of the association. The treatment of the representatives with the open administration style might be the explanation of some tumult while expressing the issues of the workers (Jiang et al., 2012). This system is additionally a tedious procedure for actualizing in a running operational condition. This is intelligible as the target and the insights concerning the procedure are exceptionally clear toward the starting level and simple to actualize inside the association. The procedure will be successful enough for settling the current issue of the association with respect to the comprehension of the issues of the representatives. The HR are the most significant resource of the hierarchical subsequently legitimate administration of the representatives through the better comprehension of the prerequisites of the workers. Hence, it might be inferred that the technique will help the association for getting the upper hands by the powerful administration of the representatives. Execution of severe wellbeing polices for the representatives and preparing: The dangers and working styles of the representatives ought to be checked by the administration of the organization for guaranteeing the hazard free condition for the workers. In this unique circumstance, they should give viable preparing to the representatives with respect to the approaches and prerequisites for guaranteeing the wellbeing and security of the workers. The system required some speculation of cash and effective workforce who can productively deal with the activity of the hazard free condition improvement and the advancement of the notice about the potential dangers related with the work place exercises (Story, 2014). These assets are accessible inside the association, so the technique is doable to be actualized. This is adequate by all the partners as it will be useful for both the workers and the business association. It is reasonable in light of the fact that the activities that should be taken by the administration of the business association are clear for the execution of the system inside the work environments of the business association (Hughes Ferrett, 2015). The technique will

HR professionals in organizational changes

HR experts in authoritative changes Contrasted and conventional HR experts, current HR directors have been increasingly more associated with authoritative exercises past their own capacity. The point of this exposition is to examine the job HR experts in authoritative changes. Alfes, K., Turss, C., and Gill, J. (2010) The HR Manager as Change Agent: Evidence from the Public Sector, Journal of Change Management, 10,1: 109-127. In this article, Alfes et al. contended that how HR office add to everyday administration of progress program is as yet muddled. In this manner, the creator utilized information from two open area associations, including a ward gathering and a general medical clinic in the UK to examine the HR professionals contribution dependent on two tomahawks, including procedure and substance, and proactivity versus reactivity. Their examination recognized four key jobs of human asset administrators, including Change Driver, Change Focused, Human Resources Focused and Responsive. This article is useful to my examination since it gives strong proof about the job of HR director as change operator. The principle constraint of this examination is that lone two cases are included. Accordingly, the creators recommend further investigations that test how their structure can be applied to a more extensive scope of cases. This investigation frames the premise of my examination, since my point is the HR d irectors job in overseeing changes. McGuire, D., Stoner, L. Mylona, S. (2008) The Role of Line Managers as Human Resource Agents in Fostering Organizational Change in Public Services, Journal of Change Management, 8,1:73-84. In this article, McGuire et al. looked into the job change of line chiefs during the procedure of commercialization of the open part. The creators attempt to build up a model depicting the substance, inhibitors and empowering influences of line directors job as HR specialists in hierarchical change. This article checked on a wide scope of studies in this field and distinguished a progression of empowering agents and inhibitors of line Managers contribution in HR process. This article is valuable to my examination, since McGuire et al.s discoveries proposed that HR capacities are not just performed by staff in HR division, line directors additionally add to HRM in authoritative changes. The principle impediment of this investigation is that it doesn't give any genuine cases indicating the utilization of their model. In this manner, regardless of whether this model is pertinent to genuine case investigation is as yet obscure. This article won't structure the premise of my examination. In any case, it gives me significant piece of information about the job change of administrators. Francis, H. (2003) HRM and the start of hierarchical change, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16, 3: 309-327 In this article, Francis proposed that human asset (HR) is firmly connected with polices and execution issues of an association. The creator analyzed the job of HRM in directing changing dependent on Ford and Fords (1995) applied structure. This investigation centers around the job of HRM in creating discussion during the procedure of changes and applied the structure into examination of a huge UK fabricating firm. This article is useful to my investigation since it gives me a genuine case to see how HRM add to move of discussion during the procedure of progress. The primary impediment of this investigation is that it didn't propose successive development under various sorts of discussion. Consequently, the creator proposed that further examination can be led to talk about the how hard or delicate change systems can be applied to various circumstances so as to accomplish fruitful authoritative change. This article frames the premise of my examination and gives me significant data abo ut how to start changes by utilizing HRM apparatuses. Bracket, C. (2008) Continuity and change: the job of the HR work in the advanced open division, Public Administration, 86,4: 1071-1088 Bracket contends that the New Public Management in the UK may carry noteworthy changes to the job of human asset the executives. Subsequently, the creator analyzed whether the HR the executives has become more techniques dependent on information gathered from 134 meetings with senior and center line chiefs in six open segments associations in the UK. This examination commonly recognized the contrasts among managerial and vital HR works and evaluated the degree to which the supervisors in the associations assume the jobs. This examination is useful to may consider, as Truss found that new key job and regular job of HR supervisors are both required for overseeing changes. The significant confinement of this examination is the little example size and the related chance of the generalisability of the discoveries. Additionally, not all classes of open associations were engaged with this examination. Along these lines, the creator proposed bigger scope concentrates later on. This article f rames the premise of my examination. It offers significant intimation about the degree of progress of HRM in the UK open segment. Visitor, D.E. what's more, King, Z. (2004) Power, development and critical thinking: the faculty supervisors three stages to paradise? Diary of Management Studies, 41, 3: 401-423. Visitor and King (2004) contended that the earth changes during the previous 30 years have made Karen Legges (1978) examination of faculties job (traditionalist pioneer, freak trend-setter and issue solver) increasingly constrained to current associations. In this manner, the creators attempt to investigate the degree to which the job of HRM has adjusted. They directed meetings with 48 ranking directors so as to distinguish the changes. Commonly, they center around changes in highlights of horrible circles and the ambiguities and found that an enormous extent of current HR supervisors neglected to overcome the issues recognized by Legges (1978). The significant impediment of this investigation is likewise the little example size, just 48 meetings were directed. Therefore, further examination dependent for a bigger scope is required. This investigation won't structure the premise of my examination. Be that as it may, it gives me significant similar data about how HRMs jobs previously and in current business associations. Alfes et al.s (2010) survey of past investigations found that HR supervisors may assume four distinct jobs including Change Driver, Change Focused, HR Focused and Responsive inside an association. In any case, their own information indicated that in association A, HR chiefs job can be very proactive since they are engaged with all parts of progress process, for example, help structure the program and give counsel to line directors. Bracket (2008) likewise recommended that HR administrators job has gotten increasingly vital and broadened. Contrasted and customary HR supervisors, current HR experts are increasingly associated with hierarchical changes. Since hierarchical change is a mind boggling process that requires endeavors from all elements of a beginning, a piece of the duty of HR supervisors likewise move to different capacities. McGuire et al.s (2010) study bolsters this perspective. They gave proof about how line directors add to HRM and furthermore examined the empowering age nts and inhibitors of this job sharing. Based information of association B, Alfes et al. (2010) proposed that the job of HR administrators is progressively responsive in this association. They are not engaged with all parts of hierarchical changes. Indeed, even included, they to a great extent assume a job as counsel, instead of progress driver. The job contrast of HR supervisors is because of various prerequisite of various associations. As indicated by As Legge (2005), HR administrators can assume the two jobs as conventionalist trailblazers and freak trend-setters. The previous job requires them intently follow authoritative parameters, while the later job expects them to drive change inside an association through testing winning standards. Be that as it may, truly, Guest and King (2004) contended that the proactive job of HR supervisors is less worthy in certain associations. Visitor and King (2004) discovered many line directors are hesitant to acknowledge HR chiefs inclusion i n their work. Also, the HR office mediations can even prompt timeconsuming techniques disliked by the line supervisors. In this way, this requires abilities of HR chiefs to deal with the relationship suitably. Francis (2002) contended that power relations between various elements of an association which depends on expendable assets of the gatherings can altogether influence the discussion during the time of progress activity. Improper way of discussion started by HR chiefs can turn into a hindrance to hierarchical change. They further contended that discussion across various capacities and levels of supervisors ought to be utilized as a medium by HR chiefs during the time spent arrangement. Be that as it may, the creator didn't give proposal about how the hard or delicate HR mediations can be applied. Becker and Huselid distinguish the key difficulties related with improvement of vital human asset the executives (SHRM) through surveying a wide scope of exact examinations, they stres s the significance of the idea of fit and possibilities in SHRM and contends that SHRM, which was at first a HR-driven worldview, has step by step become a mutual duty of HR experts, line supervisors, and senior administrators. The job of HR experts in hierarchical change takes after to a donor, instead of a pioneer. End To summarize, HR chiefs job in hierarchical change can be both responsive and proactive agreeing the interest of an association. Geneally, HR chiefs job has become increasingly vital regardless of they are proactive or receptive to hierarchical changes. Notwithstanding, to assume the proactive job that offers mediations to other division or capacities effectively, HR chiefs should focus on the way of discussion.

Not Farewell After All

Not Farewell After All In my last entry, way back in June 2013, I painstakingly bid good-bye to life at MIT and in particular, to the MIT blogs (direct quote: “Farewell, MIT blogosphere”). But I’m back!! Just in time to join other current and alumni bloggers in celebrating the 10-year anniversary of the MIT blogs and also to offer an update on my life post-MIT. I graduated about a year ago (June 2013) and because I wasn’t ready to be a Real Person quite yet jumped straight from undergrad into med school. Now, I’m over on the West Coast, at Stanford, where I just finished my first year of medical school and absolutely loved it. In the past, I’ve had a lot of people ask me whether it’s hard to be pre-med at MIT, particularly since MIT is known to be a tough school, and whether looking back, I wish I had chosen a 7-year med program, something I was considering way back in 2008 (wow, that makes me feel old ?) when I applied to colleges. Having gone through MIT, the med school application process, and now a year of medical school, I am actually incredibly grateful that I went to a school like MIT because: MIT exposed me to a strong science and engineering foundation that definitely makes my med school coursework easier. MIT forced me to figure out, early in my undergrad career, how I should balance work, friends, sleep, exercise, etc., a skill that’s just as vital in med school as it is in undergrad (also, for some reason, EVERYONE exercises in medical school…lots of peer pressure) MIT helped me believe that if I had an idea, then there was nothing stopping me from taking that idea and making it a reality. So, short answer: yes, being pre-med at MIT was challenging at times (I think it will be that way no matter where you go, honestly), but no, I have no regrets and would do it all over again if given the chance. Going back to the 3rd point I mentioned above: the MIT blogs had a huge influence on my decision to apply to and then matriculate at MIT, and I had the idea of bringing this concept of a student blog to Stanford Med as well. I joined a couple similarly minded students at Stanford in talking to the Stanford administration about this, and as of January 2014, there’s a Stanford Med student blog too!! I think about MIT every time a new post goes up on Stanford Med blog, and it helps me feel like I’m still connected to the MIT community. I’m also back in Boston this summer, living near Harvard Square and working in the medical center, and I pass by MIT every single morning on my way to work. I miss MIT so much! For those of you entering MIT this upcoming fall, make the most of these next 4 years â€" you’re in for such a treat! For those of you applying this cycle, good luck! If you have any questions about MIT or med school, I’m happy to be a resource ? I won’t make the mistake of saying “Farewell, MIT Blogosphere” in this post. Instead: till next time! Hamsika, MIT’13

The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad - 2165 Words

Student’s Name Instructors’ Name Course Name Date Gilgamesh and Achilles as Portrayed in the Writings â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Iliad† â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Iliad† presented conflict between the ancient kings, the gods, and finest warriors with other ordinary community members. Throughout the writings Gilgamesh, the king of Uru Community, and Achilles, one of the greatest Greek warriors, struggled to resolve the conflicts between the gods and their community members. However, Gilgamesh misused his powers to a point that the gods created Enkindu to guide him to the right direction. Assyrian International News Agency cites that before Gilgamesh met Enkindu, he enslaved his people, raped women, and killed innocent people (3). However, Enkindu not only nurtured Gilgamesh’s talents, but also inspired him to defend his kingdom from the selfish gods. Like Gilgamesh, Achilles possessed superhuman qualities. Achilles also had close relationships with the gods. According to Lombardo and Murnaghan, Achilles was Achaean army’s greatest warrior (9). However, Achilles betrayed his community due to a personal conflict with Agamemnon, Achaean’s king, and Commander in Chief. Therefore, the writing depicts Achilles as a gifted, but a proud character. Lombardo and Murnaghan further cite that a mysterious plague attacked Achilles community (9). Therefore, Achilles conducted an investigation to reveal the cause. He consulted a fortune teller who claimed that Agamemnon’s arroganceShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1546 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad are two extremely different stories, The Iliad being a tale of war (specifically the Trojan War) while the Epic of Gilgamesh is a true Epic in the sense that it is a journey, all about the development of the characters. While there are many different themes throughout both books, one of the most important themes is the way that friendship develops both of the people involved and the way that it ties into the story overall. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1183 Words   |  5 PagesIn the epics The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad, heroes Achilles and Gilgamesh have important relationships with characters that directly and indirectly give readers a look at the character we might not normally see. For the mighty demi-god Achilles, this is the warrior Patroclus, whom he has a great respect for. For the tyrannical King Gilgamesh, this was Enkidu, the hairy man sent by the gods. The relationships that these characters have with their companions open these characters up for readersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1412 Words   |  6 Pagesaccordingly. 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Although their incredible abilities may support the societal perception of strong leadership, their weaknesses caused these characters to hold vices that went against the cultural expectations of what a strong leaderRead MoreComparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad2049 Words   |  9 PagesCharacter relationship similarities and differences in The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad: In The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad, heroes Achilles and Gilgamesh have important relationships with characters that directly and indirectly give readers a look at the character we may not normally see. For the mighty demi-god Achilles, the person who aids in revealing his feelings is the warrior, Patroclus. Patroclus is a warrior who Achilles has a great respect for, and his eventual death sends him intoRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe destiny in Gilgamesh and The Iliad stories are believed to be a power that controls what happens in the future. 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Personal Statement Organizational Development Practitioner

Intro: Overview: Organizational development practitioner Rick Buccheri discussed his experiences of conflict management in several organizations. Primarily, his discourse was about the United Parcel Service and the Transportation Security Administration. He outlined his working theory that institutions should encourage â€Å"conflict engagement.† This is where individuals, groups, and systems would identify underlying conflicts that have yet to be expressed. Bucherri says good conflict engagement for at any level is as follows: †¢ Seek the opportunity to be in conflict †¢ Be energized by being in conflict †¢ Incentivize being in conflict †¢ Be passionate about being in conflict †¢ Develop a culture of conflict engagement At the individual level, observant employees or managers can engage other people to uncover hidden anger or resentment. This individuals would seek an opportunity to be in conflict. Bucherri gave an example of recognizing a young man in distress and on the verge of tears. He stated that as an organizational development practitioner, it was his desire (he was energized) to engage the young man in conversation. Bucherri said that uncovering the stress in the young man’s life may have led to diffusing a potential conflict. He incentivized the young man to share by offering a listening ear with no judgement. Additionally, Bucherri’s actions echo what Runde and Flanagan espouse to be conflict competence at an organizational level. By helping the young man walk throughShow MoreRelatedEthics And Values Of An Organization818 Words   |  4 PagesThe ethics and values that an Organizational Development (OD) professional follow are based on three philosophical principles. The three principles help to build the foundation of ethical values are utilitarianism, individual rights and distributive justice. 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The Yellow Wallpaper The Story Behind Jane s Metamorphosis

â€Å"‘The Yellow Wallpaper’: The story behind Jane’s metamorphosis† In her literary work â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman portrays the nineteenth century women subjugation by setting the narrator to be diagnosed with a mental illness. The narrator is then taken to a country house where she develops a special interest with the yellow wallpaper in the room her husband places her. In spite of her social status as a woman of the nineteenth century, Jane faces a major metamorphosis that consists on shifting from being repressed to being liberated from her repressive spouse; her transition is accomplished through the writing of her diary, her determination to find the symbolic meaning of the wallpaper, her recognition and rebellion against John’s male chauvinism, and finally her decision to destroy the wallpaper aiming at liberation of the woman trapped behind it. It is of true surprise that â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† p arallels the story of Charlotte Perkins Gilman as she also suffered from a mental breakdown. In her effort to recover, Gilman turned to the foremost physician in the country, Weir Mitchell. She was subjected to his famous treatment â€Å"the rest cure† in which she was instructed not to do any physical nor intellectual efforts and to have as much rest as possible. Since Gilman was not able to see any results, in fact, her illness seemed to worsen, she decided to retake regular activities. Unexpectedly, returning to her normal life helped her to recover and,

Product Selected For the Sales Plan †Free Samples for Students

Question: What Is the Product Selected For the Sales Plan? Answer: Introduction: The product which has been selected for the sales plan is Snickers. It was invented in 1930 and was a big hit. It was also called Marathon in UK. The bar consists of peanuts, caramel and nougat with a chocolate coating. It is made by American Company Mars. Goals: Goal is something that you hope to achieve. Some goals are:- 1) To provide customer with quality product. 2) To meet customer expectation so to ensure smooth sale of product. 3) To increase the sale of the snickers by creating awareness among people Snickers also aims to bring Joy and fun into peoples life. It aims to maintain level of consumption year and year out with little competition. 4) To create price competitive products (Makadok and Barney, 2001) Targets: It tells about the firm market opportunities. The firm targets the market by evaluating many types of market and decides in which quantity segment it will target. Chocolates are loved by everyone especially by children and women. Snicker targets basically to all the age groups who likes chocolate bars but it mainly targets teenagers and Millennial. A snicker is meant to be for all age groups it depend upon the people who love to eat chocolates. Snickers are not so costly everyone who loves to eat chocolate can afford it (Sherman, 2017). It is a convenient product which is available in all supermarkets and grocery stores. Snicker also used old iconic celebrities for their ads which attracts the attention of all the age groups towards a particular advertisement. It is an inexpensive product which can be purchased by everyone. It is tasty chocolate bar which can satisfy anyone (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2011) Strategies: 1) Snicker initiated different kinds of campaign. One of the famous campaign was You are not you, when you are hungry. This campaign won awards like IPA awards, AME Awards and also increased the global sale. 2.) Increase the consumption by targeting regular chocolate consumers through generating impulsive and dominant presence at point of sale. 3.) They are offering amazing packaging benefits when someone buys it for special occasions. Snicker is a significant player in gifting segment through occasion linked gift packs. 4.) They are giving maximum customer value at low price. Bulk purchase strategy is also used by snickers (Matsuno and Mentzer, 2000). 5.) Snicker is using many promotional tools like: - Print media, Social Media, Traditional Media. It maintained leadership image through a superior Marketing Mix. Tactics and Calendar: 1) Advertising CAMPAIGNS January-March 2) Public relations April- July 3) Events August -October 4) Social media campaigns November - January 5) Email marketing January - March References: Matsuno.K.and Mentzer, J.T., (2000). The effects of strategy type on market orientation performance relationship. Journal of marketing, Vol.64, No.4, pp: - 1 -16. Makadok . R. and Barney, J.B., (2001). Strategic factor intelligence: Application of information economics to strategy formulation and competitor intelligence, Management Science. Vol.47, No.12, pp: 1621-1638. Lamb, C.W., Hair .J.F., McDaniel, C. (2011).Essentials of marketing, Cengage learning. Sherman, E. (2017). Snickers Manages a Brilliant Marketing Campaign. Retrieved on 26 May 2017 from https://www.inc.com/erik-sherman/snickers-manages-a-brilliant-marketing-campaign.html.

Dolphins Of The Amazon River How Sotalia Fluviatilis And Inia Geoffre

Dolphins Of The Amazon River: How Sotalia Fluviatilis And Inia Geoffrensis Coexist In Their Habitat Kristi Simpson Biosc 491-14/Tropical Biology April, 1999 Dr. E. Pivorun Dolphins of the Amazon River: How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat The Amazon River and its lush, beautiful forest are surely among the most amazing ecosystems in the world. The ever-present, primordial cacophony that echoed in my ears as I stood breathlessly watching saddle-backed tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) leap from tree to tree is what I will forever crave to hear again. As a biology student, I have always read about the ?great biodiversity? of the neotropics, as the importance of habitat conservation and protection is beaten into my brain at every turn. Of course, as a naturalist, I agree with the prevailing opinion of today that our world is in dire need of help. However, I couldn't appreciate the true beauty and magic of the tropical Amazon until I was literally swimming in the middle of it, breathing in the wet, fragrant air and seeing the misting, puffing backs of the pink river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) circling around me. As a lover of all cetaceans, I was very interested in learning more about the dolphins of the Amazon River, but it was a surprise to find that the pink river dolphins (also called botos) are not the only species of cetacean in their habitat. Tucuxis (Sotalia fluviatilis) are smaller, sleeker inhabitants that share the waters with the botos, although they are also found in coastal waters of the South American Atlantic Ocean. The tucuxi looks like a miniature bottlenose dolphin, with its short beak and sleek design. It is important to make note that tucuxis are considered to be in two forms: the marine form and the freshwater form (Borobia et al. 1026). Borobia hypothesizes that the two forms, which vary for the most part in size, may be due to temperature differences, so that the marine form, as it inhabits colder seasonal temperatures than its riverine counterpart, is the larger of the two (1035). The tucuxi in any form, however, is much smaller than the boto, which, in fact, looks anything but graceful with its chubby body, small eyes, elongated beak, and bulbous forehead or ?melon.? The boto also has a flexible neck due to unfused neck vertebrae (Morell 29), adding to its seemingly awkward design; it is also the world's largest freshwater dolphin, as the males reach lengths of three meters and weights of 16o kilograms (Henningsen and Hempel 12). The most distinguishing characteristic, of course, is the pink hue that the botos are famous for; the tucuxis are dark grey. These morphological differences begin to explain why the botos and tucuxis coexist in seemingly identical habitats; I could not help but wonder how they utilize their respective food sources and keep from outcompeting each other. Their body designs allow for different feeding methods; for example, the pink dolphins' flexible neck as well as the ability to paddle forward with one flipper and backwards with another gives it more maneuverability in the flooded forests, where the trees and other vegetation can be dense (Morell 29). Botos will swim close to the bank, single out one fish, and chase it until it is caught. The tucuxi is not as maneuverable in the shallow, flooded forest, but instead is a fast swimmer; ?[t]hey whip through the water, often leaping high into the air, to drive small shoals of fish before them. Groups of Tucuxis often coordinate their operations, herding a shoal of fish towards the river bank or into a small bay then take turns in groups catching them (Henningse n and Hempel 15). Choice of prey is another difference between the two species. Botos will eat almost any kind of fish; Vera da Silva, biologist and boto researcher, ?found that they prey on nearly 50 species from 19 families (Morell 29).? However, according to Ritchie, ?[s]tudies indicate that Amazon river dolphins eat a variety of fishes, but they seem to prefer catfish and characins, including piranhas (33).? By contrast, the tucuxis' diet consists primarily of pelagic and schooling fish (Henningsen and Hempel 14, Borobia et al. 1035). Although I have separated morphology and choice of prey as differences between Inia

Phosphorus Facts - Element Characteristics Properties

Phosphorus Facts - Element Characteristics Properties Phosphorus is a reactive nonmetal with element symbol P and atomic number 15. It is one of the essential elements in the human body and is widely encountered in products such as fertilizers, pesticides, and detergents. Learn more about this important element. Phosphorus  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 15 Symbol: P Atomic Weight: 30.973762 Discovery: Hennig Brand, 1669 (Germany) Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p3 Word Origin: Greek: phosphoros: light-bearing, also, the ancient name given the planet Venus before sunrise. Properties: The melting point of phosphorus (white) is 44.1 °C, boiling point (white) is 280 °C, specific gravity (white) is 1.82, (red) 2.20, (black) 2.25-2.69, with a valence of 3 or 5. There are four allotropic forms of phosphorus: two forms of white (or yellow), red, and black (or violet). White phosphorus exhibits a and b modifications, with a transition temperature between the two forms at -3.8 °C. Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid. It is colorless and transparent in its pure form. Phosphorus is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide. Phosphorus burns spontaneously in air to its pentoxide. It is highly poisonous, with a lethal dose of ~50 mg. White phosphorus should be stored under water and handled with forceps. It causes severe burns when in contact with skin. White phosphorus is converted to red phosphorus when exposed to sunlight or heated in its own vapor to 250 °C. Unlike white phosphorus, red phosphorus does not glow or burn in air, although it still requires careful handling. Uses: Red phosphorus, which is relatively stable, is used to make safety matches, tracer bullets, incendiary devices, pesticides, pyrotechnic devices, and many other products. There is a high demand for phosphates for use as fertilizers. Phosphates are also used to make certain glasses (e.g., for sodium lamps). Trisodium phosphate is used as a cleaner, water softener, and scale/corrosion inhibitor. Bone ash (calcium phosphate) is used to make chinaware and to make monocalcium phosphate for baking powder. Phosphorus is used to make steels and phosphor bronze and is added to other alloys. There are many uses for organic phosphorus compounds. Biological Activity: Phosphorus is an essential element in plant and animal cytoplasm. In humans, it is essential for proper skeletal and nervous system formation and function. Phosphate deficiency is called hypophosphatemia. It is characterized by low soluble phosphate levels in serum. Symptoms include disruption of muscle and blood function due to insufficient ATP. An excess of phosphorus, in contrast, leads to organ and soft tissue calcification. One symptom is diarrhea. The estimated average requirement for dietary phosphorus for adults age 19 and older is 580 mg/day. Good dietary sources of phosphorus include meat, milk, and soy beans. Element Classification: Non-Metal Phosphorus Physical Data Isotopes: Phosphorus has 22 known isotopes. P-31 is the only stable isotope. Density (g/cc): 1.82 (white phosphorus) Melting Point (K): 317.3 Boiling Point (K): 553 Appearance: white phosphorus is a waxy, phosphorescent solid Atomic Radius (pm): 128 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 17.0 Covalent Radius (pm): 106 Ionic Radius: 35 (5e) 212 (-3e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.757 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 2.51 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 49.8 Pauling Negativity Number: 2.19 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1011.2 Oxidation States: 5, 3, -3 Lattice Structure: Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 7.170 CAS Registry Number: 7723-14-0 The glow of phosphorus in air is chemiluminescence and not phosphorescence. cloverphoto / Getty Images Phosphorus Trivia: Hennig Brand isolated phosphorus from urine. He kept his process a secret, choosing instead to sell the process to other alchemists. His process became more widely known when it was sold to the French Academy of Sciences.Brands technique was replaced by Carl Wilhelm Scheeles method of extracting phosphorus from bones.The oxidation of white phosphorus in air produces a green glow. Although the term phosphorescence refers to the elements glow, the true process is oxidation. The glow of phosphorus is a form of chemiluminescence.Phosphorus is the sixth most common element in the human body.Phosphorus is the seventh most common element in the Earths crust.Phosphorus is the eighteenth most common element in seawater.An early form of matches used white phosphorus in the match head. This practice gave rise to a painful and debilitating deformation of the jawbone known as phossy jaw to workers when over-exposed to white phosphorus. Sources Egon Wiberg; Nils Wiberg; Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. pp. 683–684, 689. ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9.Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Ed.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.Hammond, C. R. (2000). The Elements. in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 0-8493-0481-4.Vanzee, Richard J.; Khan, Ahsan U. (1976). The phosphorescence of phosphorus. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 80 (20): 2240. doi:10.1021/j100561a021Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Common Sense 1776 by Thomas Paine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Common Sense 1776 by Thomas Paine - Essay Example According to the story, Henry cannot afford any investment since he is a pauper and has no experience in business matters. However, things took a different turn when he met and fell in love with Portia. Investment’s intelligence dawn on him because of his quest to retain his love and secure their future; this help him invest the million pounder bill wisely. Twain’s short story to keep one’s capital flowing could be compared to keeping aspiration and ambition alive till one achieve the objective. Henry as an individual could have not made the investment succeed if the quest to continue loving and staying with Portia was absent. Keeping one’s capital moving simply implies striving to secure what one really desire no matter the odds. The story conceives capital as sources of inspiration that enable one succeed if properly harnessed and used purposefully. The capital for Henry was his quest and worries about keeping his love though a million was there if this quest was absent then investment could have collapse or better still not started. 3. Answer According to Thorstein Veblen, â€Å"pecuniary emulation†Ã‚  Ã‚   means the behavior in which people try to emulate other people who are socially well off. Pecuniary emulation is simply the state where one strives to equal or surpass the other in terms of wealth. He observes that as people increasingly acquire wealth, their social class and lifestyles changes. The hierarchy of needs progresses as one satisfies one level and the last one is to achieve luxury more than anybody else. As these aspects of their lives change, they are seen by others to live decently and comfortably. They act as role models as those who envy them try to emulate their behavior and lifestyles. As a result, they try to improve on their earnings and acquire things that closely resemble those of the high people in the society.   The best mode of display this is through luxurious lifestyle since basic provision a nd standard living is hard to measure. Veblen acknowledges that luxurious lifestyle is the best mode of surpassing those ahead and greatly enlarging the gap between those below. 4. B. Answer The repeated saying from â€Å"The Way to Wealth† that ’Tis easier to suppress the first Desire, than to satisfy all that follow it† means that it is easy to avoid the first desire to take a debt and either invest it or spend. Theoretically it is very easy to resist desire; however, practical life endeavors negate the theoretical assumptions. The old man keeps repeating the advice since he knows people take it lightly due to theoretical assumptions. However, after the first desire has overcome an individual and falls into the trap, it is impossible to from seeking debt. It all begins with the first debt and others follow, creating a chain of other debts that are insatiable. The repetition suggests the author’s desire to make this advice known to people by insisting on it. Repetition of the old man is a form of emphasis so that the advice is taken seriously and

Major Health and lifestyle Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Major Health and lifestyle Issues - Essay Example The connection is that the kind of lifestyle that a person exhibits predisposes him or her to a health issue. These issues include the cancers, obesity and cardiac conditions. They are closely related to lifestyles and behaviours such as smoking, diet and nutritional changes and overweight, and alcohol and drugs abuse. This paper will deal with some of these health and lifestyle issues in depth. Cancer is a serious and potentially fatal condition that affects the body cells. The disease is as a result of a combination of hereditary and environmental factors that result to gene mutation (Gray 2005). When cell growth regulatory genes are mutated, they fail to regulate cell growth resulting in an aberrant cell behaviour, uncontrolled expansion of cell masses that destroy the cell surrounding by causing excess pressure on organs and tissues. This affects the functions of the organs. In extensive case, the aberrant cells are disseminated in other parts of the body causing the spread of the cancer, a phenomenon called metastasis (UK 2014). When the cancer metastasis to vital organs, it spreads faster, and the prognosis becomes poor. The environmental factors that result to cancer includes exposure to carcinogens, which are present in some foods, water and air. Tobacco and diet have been found to be the causes of up to 30% of new cancer cases in the world. This means that much o f the cancer is preventable. According to WHO, cancer is among the leading causes of mortality in the world. In 2012, the disease caused an approximate of 8.2 million deaths. There are many kinds of cancers, named according to the affected organ (Naidoo &Wills 2010). Lung, liver, gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers are the most common and the main causes of the cancer-related deaths in that order (DeVita, Hellman, & Rosenberg 2005, p.  26). It is estimated that one-thirds of the cancer deaths are related to behavioural and lifestyle changes

Analysis Of Celcom Axiata Investment In Tune Talk Marketing Essay

Analysis Of Celcom Axiata Investment In Tune Talk Marketing Essay Celcom Axiata is a member of Axiata Group is facing tough competition against the other major telecommunication rivals. Having coined as malay telco provider that is, Celcom Axiata has weak penetration into some major markets and the strategy to overcome this is by appointing the Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) to penetrate into the identified markets using their own brand, look and feel. Celcom Axiata business model for Tune Talk MVNO is by having 35% stakes in the company. After over 11 months in operation, Celcom Axiata is reviewing its position in this company whether to remain its stake, increase its shareholding or pullout. Prior to making any decision with its investment, Celcom Axiata needs to evaluate the existing Tune Talk financial standing and its capability to provide the required return on investment as well as its ability to handle the issues at hands especially those concerning the cash flows. Introduction Celcom Axiata is one of the 4 major mobile telecommunication companies in Malaysia. As at 31st March 2010, Celcom Axiata was ranked as second largest mobile telecommunication company behind Maxis, and ahead of Digi and U Mobile respectively. Celcom Axiata is a member of Axiata Group of companies who manage a group of Mobile Telecommunications in the Asia region. Axiata Group was previously known as TM International and part of TM (Telekom Malaysia) Group. The process of de-merger within TM Group saw the birth of Axiata Group, meant to focus on mobile telecommunications arm of the corporation within the region whilst TM continue to maintain its fixed lines business as well as broadband provider. According to the first quarter financial report, Celcom Axiata continue to show double digit growth on a YoY basis in all key indicators. Revenue was up 15% whilst Earning Before Interest Tax Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) increased by 16%. In tandem, Profit After Tax (PAT) was up 24% in the same period. On a QoQ basis, Celcom continued to show positive performance. Despite coming off an exceptional 4Q09, which recorded the highest ever quarterly growth, revenue growth was marginal, but still up by 0.2%. Continued focus on costs saw EBITDA up by 2% with margins improving by 0.7 percentage points QoQ to 45.4%. PAT showed a robust increase of 7% to RM441 million (Celcom Axiata media release, 27th May 2010). Celcom Axiata has been aggressively expanding its network and coverage to cater for the increasing demand by the customers. Despite its continuous efforts to penetrate into the various segments in this country, Celcom Axiata still lagging in some of key markets such as the Chinese market segment, immigrant market segment and student market or low income earners segment. These markets are predominantly controlled by Maxis and Digi and will be the key success factor for Celcom Axiata to capture in order to become the number one mobile telecommunication provider in this country. One of the strategy to penetrate into these segments as single out by Celcom Axiata is by way of having a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) approach. MVNO means Celcom Axiata will appoint a third party to run the mobile business using their own brand, leveraging on their own strength such as networking, channel of distribution, marketing and customer service. By doing this, Celcom Axiata can reduce its financial burden on the go-to-market cost which in turn will be born by the MVNO partners themselves. To date there are four MVNOs appointed and launched by Celcom whereby each of them is given different market segment to penetrate and capture. Each MVNO is treated as separate entity from Celcom Axiata where the respective MVNOs have full control over their own operations and management of the companies except for Tune Talk Sdn Bhd where Celcom Axiata has 35% share of the company. Being different business model from other MVNOs, Tune Talk Sdn Bhd is seen as another Celcom Axiata joint venture company. Tune Talk is owned by the following shareholders as shown in figure 1 below : Tune Ventures (owned by Datuk Seri Tony Fernandes and Datuk Kamarudin Meranun) Individuals shareholders are Datuk Seri Kalimullah Masheerul Hassan, Lim Kian Onn, Jason Lo (the CEO of Tune Talk), Gurtaj Singh (the COO of Tune Talk) and Mark Lankaster (the CEO of Tune Hotels) Celcom decision to have its stake in Tune Talk is to ensure it has some form of control as one the major shareholder. Although Tune Talk management will have the control over the management of the company but the shareholders will have their voice heard during the monthly board exco meeting. Having represented by 2 permanent exco members from Celcom, it can ensure that Tune Talk business plan and strategies are in line with its goal to become one of the top mobile service provider in this country. The Situation Tune Talk is approaching its first anniversary on the coming 19th August 2010. Celcom need to assess its investment and evaluate whether Tune Talk business is moving to the right direction and hence generate the desired dividends to shareholders. In order to achieve the target, Celcom needs to keep track of Tune Talk managements way of running the business. The permanent exco members sitting in the boardroom must be able to drill down to the bottom line and analyze their way of spending their fund. This is very important to Celcom as the major shareholder in Tune Talk so it can decide on the next course of actions such as to inject more fund into Tune Talk, or to remain its position without adding anymore cash or worst case decide to pull out from the pack. Prior to such decision, Celcom needs to gather as much information as possible with regards to Tune Talk financial position, business directions, marketing strategies and other commercial matters which will be the key determination factors. Based from the previous exco meeting it was learned that Tune Talk is facing difficulties to move forward with its business plans and marketing strategies due to shortage of cash flow. Tune Talk Chief Financial Officer (CFO) during his presentation to the board of directors highlighted the following scenarios : a. Increase in Managed Services Costs Tune Talk adopted the managed services concept to deploy and maintain the Intelligent Network (IN) billing system, network related infrastructure namely Short Message Services Centre (SMSC), Home Location Register (HLR) and other Value Added Services (VAS). Managed services concept is a new trend in telecommunication and information technology (IT) business whereby the customers or business operators do not buy outright the related systems but pay to the supplier or provider on usage based. This method saves the company from spending an upfront purchase of an asset, hence reduce the cash outflow. Managed services can help a particular company to avoid from having to allocate depreciation cost which may impact the company balance sheet. In the case of Tune Talk the burden they are facing now is due to the increase in the amount to be spent on this managed services. The deal they are having right now is based on the number of subscribers using the system, the higher the number of subscribers the higher the managed services cost to be incurred. The amount will grow in tandem with the intake of new subscribers where the average cost per subscriber remain unchanged. Unlike buying own fixed asset, the average cost will tend to reduce as the number of new subscribers grow until it reaches the economic of scales. Increase in Channel and Distribution Cost In Malaysia, all the mobile operators are highly dependant to the normal traditional channel ie. mobilephone dealers to sell its SIM card and recharge vouchers. Being too dependant to this type of distribution channel will increase the companys cost of sales whereby for every sales of SIM cards or recharge voucher the company needs to allocate some amount of percentage as an incentive for them to push its products over the competitors. Traditionally, in mobile telecommunication business the channel of distribution consist of 3 layers : distributors master dealers ordinary dealers Normally only a handful of distributors are being appointed to distribute to the master dealers whom will then sell it through the ordinary dealers. Each of these channels will keep a small percentage as their incentive from the retail price. Operators are normally stuck with this channel cost which they cannot run away with in order to push their products to the customers. On average an operator will have to spend not less than 10% from its retail price being part of the channel cost. Allocation for Marketing Cost As a new mobile operator in Malaysia competing against the other 4 major mobile telecommunications service providers Tune Talk is facing a tough time to introduce its brand to the market. According to Nielsen Co Malaysia 2009 report (a research company), the telecommunication companies are among the highest contributor to the total advertising expenditure in Malaysia with Celcom leading the pack at RM 115.8 million, followed by Telekom Malaysia at RM 94.3 million, Maxis with RM 89.7 million and Digi for RM 87.1 million (see Figure 2 below). Newspaper and TV advertisement represent the top 2 categories for advertising followed by Radio, Magazine and Outdoor. To date Tune Talk had already spent RM 2 million in their advertising cost through billboards, newspaper, TV and radio advertisements. This amount is rather very small compare to the amount spent by the big giants and it may not give the required exposure that Tune Talk expected to create its brand awareness to the market place. Based from the report and dip stick survey conducted by Tune Talk marketing department their brand index is still very low and they would require more fund to be pumped in for this purpose. Slow Moving of Customer Recharge Activities Tune Talk is only selling prepaid mobile and it main source of income is by selling the SIM card and recharge vouchers. As far as Tune Talk is concern the revenue generated from these sales are considered as their income (based on the generally Accepted Accounting Principle). This is due to the fact the income will be reported when it is earned (Ross, Westerfiled, Jaffe, Corporate Finance, 7th edition). The good thing about prepaid business is the transactions are in cash terms. This means Tune Talk will get to record the transaction into its book as and when the SIM cards or vouchers are sold to the distributors. In accounting, the revenue from sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers will only be realized upon usage and not upon sales. Nonetheless, as far as Tune Talk income is concerned it has already acquired the money from the distributor and realized in its book as income as per GAAP. As a rippling effect to lack of awareness of its brand in the market place, Tune Talk sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers are moving rather at a very slow pace. Table 1 below is example of the average sales and projected 1st year revenue from SIM cards and recharge vouchers : Table 1 Items Average Monthly Revenue Projected 1st Year Revenue SIM Cards RM 500,000 RM 6,000,000 Recharge Vouchers RM 900,000 RM 10,800,000 Total RM 1,400,000 RM 16,800,000 This figure is far cry from the original budget that Tune Talk has to make which is RM 36.0 million for its first year operation and increase to RM 50.0 million and RM 72.0 million in year 2 and 3 respectively. High Customer Turnover or Attrition Rate It is common in the prepaid business industry that users tend to move or hope around from one operator to another operator to find for better offer and cheaper cost. Tune Talk is also affected by this game by the customers whereby the rate of customers churning out or leaving for another brand keep on increasing on month-on-month basis. Malaysian prepaid business industry rate of customers staying in a particular operator (industry language is length of stay) is in average of 6 months. However in the case of Tune Talk its customers average length of stay is a mere 3 months which is about half of the industry average. The impact of this short stay will cause a high acquisition cost to Tune Talk whereby its cash flow will be badly affected. In order to stay healthy, Tune Talk needs more than 3 months for each customer with average usage of RM 30 per month to recover its upfront acquisition cost such as the channel incentive, marketing cost and the other variable costs. Shortage of Cash Tune Talk started off its business with RM 7.5 million worth of shares with 35% own by Celcom whilst the remainder are by several other individuals. After 11 months of operations, Tune Talk is now facing with the most critical moment in its business where their cash flow is deteriorating. Despite being a lean and mean in expenditure and had not spent any money on fixed asset, Tune Talk still face the cash flow difficulty. An area that has badly affected Tune Talk cash flow is the channel incentive and the wholesale airtime rates that it has to pay back to Celcom. With intense competition Tune Talk needs to set its incentive on par or slightly better than the competition in order to get the channel attention and support. On the other hand, the prepaid business market is competing on the call rates to be offered to the end users in order to beat the others. Since Tune Talk is buying its airtime from Celcom at fixed rate, the competition which had forced Tune Talk to also lower down its selling rate to the end users had cause Tune Talk margin to shrink and became smaller. The result is, the income collected from the sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers will have to be spent largely to incentive and wholesale airtime to Celcom, leaving only peanuts to Tune Talk to be used to re-generate its business. It is also better for Tune Talk to maintain a level of working capital that allows it to make it through those crunch times and continue to operate the business within tight budget (Cater McNamara, Authenticity Consulting LLC). Action Celcom Axiata really need to review its investment in Tune Talk Sdn Bhd by looking at the present situation and its potential. It is a known fact that every new business need some times to be able to stabilize and start to show positive result out of its investment. As far as telecommunication industry is concerned, a minimum of 3 years is required in order for a particular mobile operator to have a strong foothold and have substantial subscriber base to be relevant. The question here is whether Tune Talk strategies are gearing towards the right direction which will guarantee to bear fruits at the end of 3 years? How much will investor need to pump in to ensure that Tune Talk can still survive until the 3rd year ? It is imperative that Celcom Axiata representatives in the Tune Talk board of directors to insist Tune Talk management to review their existing business models which had obviously affected their cash flows. Serious attention must be given by Tune Talk management to revisit its dependency on the existing channel which will become its biggest threat in trying to minimize its cash out flows. Tune Talk management also needs to re-negotiate with its managed services provider to review the charges being imposed to Tune Talk for every new subscribers added into the system. The charges should be on decreasing trend as more customers being added. Tune Talk may also want to consider finding new manage service provider should the negotiation come to a dead end. This is important in managing Tune Talk spending over the long run. Prior to Celcom Axiata to make any decision with its investment, it needs to analyze Tune Talk financial condition. It is advisable for Celcom Axiata to scrutinize the Tune Talk financial management and ensure that all the monies are well spent and efficiently managed to protect its interest. Celcom Axiata finance manager needs to advice the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the real condition of Tune Talk by analyzing its financial statement cash flows. Having spent for over RM 2.6 million and holding 35% of Tune Talk shares, Celcom Axiata has the responsibility to report to its board of directors on the progress of its investment. The Celcom Axiata board of directors must be very interested to know whether the management of Celcom Axiata has made the right decision by investing in Tune Talk. One thing interesting in this business model ie MVNO is because the airtime being sold by Tune Talk (in this case the MVNO) is using Celcom network infrastructure. This means even though Tune Talk does not make huge profit and may not be able to provide the required rate of return in terms of dividends to the shareholders but as far as Celcom Axiata is concerned, it still make money from the airtime sold. Thus, board of directors of Celcom Axiata may well be pleased by the increase in Celcom Axiata revenue alone rather than going down to the details of earning through the Tune Talk dividends. Another area that needs special attention is to assess the existing Tune Talk management team style and business competencies. This industry is regarded as highly competitive and it takes excellent team to be able to compete with the big boys (as being referred to the seasoned mobile operators). Celcom Axiata representatives in the Tune Talk exco members must be able to provide information to the Celcom Axiata management whether there is an existence of conflict of interest in the Tune Talk management team. Although according to Vishny and Robert W, NBER Reporter, September 1989 said that the standard and ideally corporation allows management to have 5% of shares. This can be ascertained by judging into their way of running the business, their seriousness in fulfilling the required tasks as outlined in the business plans, their priorities in spending and handling the cash flows. Conclusion It is probably premature for Celcom Axiata to make decision to pull out from this pack by merely basing on the first 11 or 12 months Tune Talk operation. However any decision to increase its capital in Tune Talk either by buying more shares or by pumping more money to support Tune Talk operations must be done with great detail analysis. It is not advisable for Celcom Axiata to simply inject more cash to Tune Talk without seeing any progress or improvement on some of the area of concern which have been highlighted in previous pages. The major issues that need to be really scrutinize by Celcom Axiata financial manager is on the cash flow management. The action items highlighted in previous pages suggested Tune Talk to improve the way it runs its business which will eventually give a positive impact to its cash flow. It is said that high risk will normally generate high rate of return, but having said that, the save decision at the moment is for Celcom Axiata to remain its position without adding more cash but to continue to monitor Tune Talk progress and improvement. After all, Celcom Axiata is the one who makes more money from anyone else in the pack which is through the sales of wholesale airtime. This investment although had not been able to generate dividends to Celcom Axiata but somehow has managed to complement the weak area that cannot be penetrated by Celcom Axiata using its own brand.

The Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Supernatural in Macbeth   Ã‚        Everyone has a slightly different interpretation of the supernatural but the interpretation which we can start with is Shakespeare’s. Everyone of Shakespeare’s time found the supernatural fascinating. Shakespeare interpreted the supernatural as witches, magic, unnatural and evil and he expressed his beliefs in the play, â€Å"Macbeth† very clearly, as he portrayed the three deformed women with control over the weather and the ability to predict the future. These three evil witches with magical powers were the creation of Shakespeare’s interpretation of the supernatural. Shakespeare’s contemporaries believed in the supernatural very strongly and a majority of them were frightened of it, including the king of that time, King James I of England.   Ã‚   Since it was an interesting issue which many people of Shakespeare’s time felt they were affected by, Shakespeare wrote about it. â€Å"Macbeth† with its supernatural theme was the 17th century’s equivalent to the modern day horror movie.   Ã‚   The play begins with a supernatural scene, where the three witches meet and give many clues as to who they are or what they have control over,   Ã‚   â€Å"†¦we three meet again in thunder, lighting or in rain?†¦.When the battle’s lost and won†¦.That will be ere the set of sun†¦.There to meet with Macbeth.†   Ã‚   This scene sets the atmosphere for the rest of the play. If this scene was not there it would be difficult for the audience to understand how later scenes are linked or how these three women can tell Macbeth’s future. Also if elements of the supernatural were not used in Act 1 Scene 1, as they have been, the witches could not be shown as sinister and evil. These two elements of horror, â€Å"sinister† and â€Å"evil† would later be used to explain the cause of the three witches’ behaviour further on in the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚   As the play continues the supernatural is used more. Act 1 Scene 3 is Macbeth’s first meeting with the witches, and is also the first time the audience sees or experiences the witches’ supernatural abilities.   Ã‚   â€Å"All hail to thee, Thane of Cowdor, All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter†.   Ã‚   The witches predict Macbeth’s future and tell him that he shall become the Thane of Cowdor and then king. The rest of the play is based on this supernatural happening. After learning that Macbeth is to become King of Scotland the play follows Macbeth’s plot to get rid off King Duncan and then Macbeth’s life after the murder.

Young’s Double Slit Experiment

Young’s double slits Formal Lab Florencia Shi Purpose: The double slits experiment was conducted to observe the interference of light waves, to explore how interference pattern would be affected by different colours, and to determine whether interference would change if the angle of slits was changed horizontally or vertically. Hypothesis: Dark and light bands would be seen, and red light causes wider nodal spacing, while blue light causes shorter nodal spacing. Materials: In this experiment, a lamp base assembly, a piece of blue filter, a piece of red filter, a slit plate, a laser pointer, a meter scale, and a 40 W lamp were used.Procedures: 1. A 40 W lamp was assembled in a lamp base assembly, and the assembly was settled on the edge of a desk top. 2. The lamp was turned on. And the filament of the lamp was seen, from a distance, by a person through the double slits on the slit plate. The shape of the interference was recorded. 3. A piece of red filter was placed in front of the lamp, and the lamp was seen, from a distance through the same double slits. The change of the interference pattern was recorded. 4.The filament of the lamp was seen by a student standing a certain distance away through the same double slits with a piece of blue filter placed in front of the lamp. The change of interference pattern was observed. 5. The slit plate was rotated vertically and horizontally, while other factors were kept constant. The change of interference pattern was observed. 6. The laser light conducted by the laser pen was directed through the double slits onto a piece of paper located 3m away. The interference pattern was observed through the slits. 7. The nodal spacing on that piece of paper was measured. 8.Step 6 and step 7 were repeated at a distance of 2m away. Observations: 1. The patterns of lamp light interference were dark and light bands, while the patterns of laser interference were dark and light spots. 2. After the red filter was placed in front of the lamp, the nodal spacing increased. After the blue filter was placed in front of the lamp, the nodal spacing decreased. 3. After the slit plate was rotated vertically, the light and dark bands were not parallel to each other any more, because after the slit plate was rotated vertically, the top and bottom of the double slits were not in the same vertical straight line.After the slit plate was rotated horizontally, the nodal spacing increased, because the distance between two slits (d) decreased. |Distance |? x1/2 |? x2 |? x3 |? x4 |? x5/2 |? xav | |(m) | | | | | | | |3m |0. 0022 |0. 0051 |0. 0049 |0. 0042 |0. 0025 |0. 0047 | |2m |0. 020 |0. 0048 |0. 0042 |0. 0039 |0. 0021 |0. 0043 | Discussion: 1. Dark and light bands were seen through the double slits. These were seen because the two lights came from the same source and had the same frequency. Therefore interference of light waves occurred. The light band was where two crests or two troughs intersected (antinodes), and the dark band was where a crest and a trough intersected (nodes). 2. A wider nodal space occurred in the interference pattern.Since when the lamp was blocked by the red filter, only red light could go through it, and the dark band occurs when the difference between the travelling distances of the two light waves is half of the wavelength. Since the red light has a longer wavelength, half of the wavelength increases accordingly, which means the dark bands will be more away from the central bright band. 3. The nodal space of the interference pattern decreased, since blue light has a shorter wavelength. 4. Blue has the shorter wavelength, and it was proved when the nodal spacing of the interference pattern became shorter. 5.After the slit plate was rotated vertically, the light and dark bands were not parallel to each other any more, because after the slit plate was rotated vertically, the top and bottom of the double slits were not in the same vertical straight line. After the slit plate was r otated horizontally, the nodal spacing increased, because the distance between two slits (d) decreased. 7. The pattern of laser interference consisted of light and dark spots, while the pattern of lamp light interference consisted of dark and light bands, because the light of the lamp could diffuse into a wider range of direction, while laser was ollimated, and was directed into a much narrower direction. 8. |Distance |? x1/2 |? x2 |? x3 |? x4 |? x5/2 |? xav | |(m) | | | | | | | |3m |0. 0022 |0. 0051 |0. 0049 |0. 0042 |0. 0025 |0. 0047 | |2m |0. 0020 |0. 0048 |0. 0042 |0. 0039 |0. 0021 |0. 0043 | 9. 1. Conclusion: Based on observations gathered during the experiment, the interference pattern of the 40 W lamp consisted of dark and light bands. When red filter was used, the nodal spacing of the pattern increased, and when blue filter was used, the nodal spacing of the pattern decreased. After the slit plate was rotated vertically, the light and dark bands were not parallel to each oth er any more. After the slit plate was rotated horizontally, the nodal spacing increased. The interference pattern changed into dark and light spots, after laser pointer replaced the lamp as a light source.The wavelength of the laser was predicted to be And the percentage of error calculated was Experimental Uncertainties: 1. The value of nodal spacing (? x) measured was not precise because the scale of a meter scale is only accurate to millimetres. 2. The slit plate was not exactly parallel to the screen that interference pattern was shown. 3. The measured nodal spacing (? x) was not precise due to the width of the slit. The d was only the distance between two slits, without including the width of the slit.

Developmental Theories That Assist Social Workers Essay

Developmental theories are integral to a social workers approach when working with children, and families as they help to guide and explain situations and behaviours. As social workers have an ethical and professional responsibility to their clients, they need to have an established set of guiding theories which underpin their practice. If they work without these theories, they could place their clients at risk of harm by practising from personal assumptions. They also help the social worker understand and manage these situations and to reach the desired outcomes. As suggested by Teater (2014), â€Å"Theory is an essential ingredient in practice that guides the way in which social workers view and approach individuals, groups, communities and society†(Chap 1, p.1). This report will identify and focus on three important developmental theories that assist social workers in their practice. These consist of work by Erikson, Bowlby and Piaget. 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