Saturday, August 22, 2020
HR professionals in organizational changes
HR experts in authoritative changes Contrasted and conventional HR experts, current HR directors have been increasingly more associated with authoritative exercises past their own capacity. The point of this exposition is to examine the job HR experts in authoritative changes. Alfes, K., Turss, C., and Gill, J. (2010) The HR Manager as Change Agent: Evidence from the Public Sector, Journal of Change Management, 10,1: 109-127. In this article, Alfes et al. contended that how HR office add to everyday administration of progress program is as yet muddled. In this manner, the creator utilized information from two open area associations, including a ward gathering and a general medical clinic in the UK to examine the HR professionals contribution dependent on two tomahawks, including procedure and substance, and proactivity versus reactivity. Their examination recognized four key jobs of human asset administrators, including Change Driver, Change Focused, Human Resources Focused and Responsive. This article is useful to my examination since it gives strong proof about the job of HR director as change operator. The principle constraint of this examination is that lone two cases are included. Accordingly, the creators recommend further investigations that test how their structure can be applied to a more extensive scope of cases. This investigation frames the premise of my examination, since my point is the HR d irectors job in overseeing changes. McGuire, D., Stoner, L. Mylona, S. (2008) The Role of Line Managers as Human Resource Agents in Fostering Organizational Change in Public Services, Journal of Change Management, 8,1:73-84. In this article, McGuire et al. looked into the job change of line chiefs during the procedure of commercialization of the open part. The creators attempt to build up a model depicting the substance, inhibitors and empowering influences of line directors job as HR specialists in hierarchical change. This article checked on a wide scope of studies in this field and distinguished a progression of empowering agents and inhibitors of line Managers contribution in HR process. This article is valuable to my examination, since McGuire et al.s discoveries proposed that HR capacities are not just performed by staff in HR division, line directors additionally add to HRM in authoritative changes. The principle impediment of this investigation is that it doesn't give any genuine cases indicating the utilization of their model. In this manner, regardless of whether this model is pertinent to genuine case investigation is as yet obscure. This article won't structure the premise of my examination. In any case, it gives me significant piece of information about the job change of administrators. Francis, H. (2003) HRM and the start of hierarchical change, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16, 3: 309-327 In this article, Francis proposed that human asset (HR) is firmly connected with polices and execution issues of an association. The creator analyzed the job of HRM in directing changing dependent on Ford and Fords (1995) applied structure. This investigation centers around the job of HRM in creating discussion during the procedure of changes and applied the structure into examination of a huge UK fabricating firm. This article is useful to my investigation since it gives me a genuine case to see how HRM add to move of discussion during the procedure of progress. The primary impediment of this investigation is that it didn't propose successive development under various sorts of discussion. Consequently, the creator proposed that further examination can be led to talk about the how hard or delicate change systems can be applied to various circumstances so as to accomplish fruitful authoritative change. This article frames the premise of my examination and gives me significant data abo ut how to start changes by utilizing HRM apparatuses. Bracket, C. (2008) Continuity and change: the job of the HR work in the advanced open division, Public Administration, 86,4: 1071-1088 Bracket contends that the New Public Management in the UK may carry noteworthy changes to the job of human asset the executives. Subsequently, the creator analyzed whether the HR the executives has become more techniques dependent on information gathered from 134 meetings with senior and center line chiefs in six open segments associations in the UK. This examination commonly recognized the contrasts among managerial and vital HR works and evaluated the degree to which the supervisors in the associations assume the jobs. This examination is useful to may consider, as Truss found that new key job and regular job of HR supervisors are both required for overseeing changes. The significant confinement of this examination is the little example size and the related chance of the generalisability of the discoveries. Additionally, not all classes of open associations were engaged with this examination. Along these lines, the creator proposed bigger scope concentrates later on. This article f rames the premise of my examination. It offers significant intimation about the degree of progress of HRM in the UK open segment. Visitor, D.E. what's more, King, Z. (2004) Power, development and critical thinking: the faculty supervisors three stages to paradise? Diary of Management Studies, 41, 3: 401-423. Visitor and King (2004) contended that the earth changes during the previous 30 years have made Karen Legges (1978) examination of faculties job (traditionalist pioneer, freak trend-setter and issue solver) increasingly constrained to current associations. In this manner, the creators attempt to investigate the degree to which the job of HRM has adjusted. They directed meetings with 48 ranking directors so as to distinguish the changes. Commonly, they center around changes in highlights of horrible circles and the ambiguities and found that an enormous extent of current HR supervisors neglected to overcome the issues recognized by Legges (1978). The significant impediment of this investigation is likewise the little example size, just 48 meetings were directed. Therefore, further examination dependent for a bigger scope is required. This investigation won't structure the premise of my examination. Be that as it may, it gives me significant similar data about how HRMs jobs previously and in current business associations. Alfes et al.s (2010) survey of past investigations found that HR supervisors may assume four distinct jobs including Change Driver, Change Focused, HR Focused and Responsive inside an association. In any case, their own information indicated that in association A, HR chiefs job can be very proactive since they are engaged with all parts of progress process, for example, help structure the program and give counsel to line directors. Bracket (2008) likewise recommended that HR administrators job has gotten increasingly vital and broadened. Contrasted and customary HR supervisors, current HR experts are increasingly associated with hierarchical changes. Since hierarchical change is a mind boggling process that requires endeavors from all elements of a beginning, a piece of the duty of HR supervisors likewise move to different capacities. McGuire et al.s (2010) study bolsters this perspective. They gave proof about how line directors add to HRM and furthermore examined the empowering age nts and inhibitors of this job sharing. Based information of association B, Alfes et al. (2010) proposed that the job of HR administrators is progressively responsive in this association. They are not engaged with all parts of hierarchical changes. Indeed, even included, they to a great extent assume a job as counsel, instead of progress driver. The job contrast of HR supervisors is because of various prerequisite of various associations. As indicated by As Legge (2005), HR administrators can assume the two jobs as conventionalist trailblazers and freak trend-setters. The previous job requires them intently follow authoritative parameters, while the later job expects them to drive change inside an association through testing winning standards. Be that as it may, truly, Guest and King (2004) contended that the proactive job of HR supervisors is less worthy in certain associations. Visitor and King (2004) discovered many line directors are hesitant to acknowledge HR chiefs inclusion i n their work. Also, the HR office mediations can even prompt timeconsuming techniques disliked by the line supervisors. In this way, this requires abilities of HR chiefs to deal with the relationship suitably. Francis (2002) contended that power relations between various elements of an association which depends on expendable assets of the gatherings can altogether influence the discussion during the time of progress activity. Improper way of discussion started by HR chiefs can turn into a hindrance to hierarchical change. They further contended that discussion across various capacities and levels of supervisors ought to be utilized as a medium by HR chiefs during the time spent arrangement. Be that as it may, the creator didn't give proposal about how the hard or delicate HR mediations can be applied. Becker and Huselid distinguish the key difficulties related with improvement of vital human asset the executives (SHRM) through surveying a wide scope of exact examinations, they stres s the significance of the idea of fit and possibilities in SHRM and contends that SHRM, which was at first a HR-driven worldview, has step by step become a mutual duty of HR experts, line supervisors, and senior administrators. The job of HR experts in hierarchical change takes after to a donor, instead of a pioneer. End To summarize, HR chiefs job in hierarchical change can be both responsive and proactive agreeing the interest of an association. Geneally, HR chiefs job has become increasingly vital regardless of they are proactive or receptive to hierarchical changes. Notwithstanding, to assume the proactive job that offers mediations to other division or capacities effectively, HR chiefs should focus on the way of discussion.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Not Farewell After All
Not Farewell After All In my last entry, way back in June 2013, I painstakingly bid good-bye to life at MIT and in particular, to the MIT blogs (direct quote: âFarewell, MIT blogosphereâ). But Iâm back!! Just in time to join other current and alumni bloggers in celebrating the 10-year anniversary of the MIT blogs and also to offer an update on my life post-MIT. I graduated about a year ago (June 2013) and because I wasnât ready to be a Real Person quite yet jumped straight from undergrad into med school. Now, Iâm over on the West Coast, at Stanford, where I just finished my first year of medical school and absolutely loved it. In the past, Iâve had a lot of people ask me whether itâs hard to be pre-med at MIT, particularly since MIT is known to be a tough school, and whether looking back, I wish I had chosen a 7-year med program, something I was considering way back in 2008 (wow, that makes me feel old ?) when I applied to colleges. Having gone through MIT, the med school application process, and now a year of medical school, I am actually incredibly grateful that I went to a school like MIT because: MIT exposed me to a strong science and engineering foundation that definitely makes my med school coursework easier. MIT forced me to figure out, early in my undergrad career, how I should balance work, friends, sleep, exercise, etc., a skill thatâs just as vital in med school as it is in undergrad (also, for some reason, EVERYONE exercises in medical schoolâ¦lots of peer pressure) MIT helped me believe that if I had an idea, then there was nothing stopping me from taking that idea and making it a reality. So, short answer: yes, being pre-med at MIT was challenging at times (I think it will be that way no matter where you go, honestly), but no, I have no regrets and would do it all over again if given the chance. Going back to the 3rd point I mentioned above: the MIT blogs had a huge influence on my decision to apply to and then matriculate at MIT, and I had the idea of bringing this concept of a student blog to Stanford Med as well. I joined a couple similarly minded students at Stanford in talking to the Stanford administration about this, and as of January 2014, thereâs a Stanford Med student blog too!! I think about MIT every time a new post goes up on Stanford Med blog, and it helps me feel like Iâm still connected to the MIT community. Iâm also back in Boston this summer, living near Harvard Square and working in the medical center, and I pass by MIT every single morning on my way to work. I miss MIT so much! For those of you entering MIT this upcoming fall, make the most of these next 4 years â" youâre in for such a treat! For those of you applying this cycle, good luck! If you have any questions about MIT or med school, Iâm happy to be a resource ? I wonât make the mistake of saying âFarewell, MIT Blogosphereâ in this post. Instead: till next time! Hamsika, MITâ13
Monday, May 25, 2020
The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad - 2165 Words
Studentââ¬â¢s Name Instructorsââ¬â¢ Name Course Name Date Gilgamesh and Achilles as Portrayed in the Writings ââ¬Å"Epic of Gilgameshâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Iliadâ⬠ââ¬Å"Epic of Gilgameshâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Iliadâ⬠presented conflict between the ancient kings, the gods, and finest warriors with other ordinary community members. Throughout the writings Gilgamesh, the king of Uru Community, and Achilles, one of the greatest Greek warriors, struggled to resolve the conflicts between the gods and their community members. However, Gilgamesh misused his powers to a point that the gods created Enkindu to guide him to the right direction. Assyrian International News Agency cites that before Gilgamesh met Enkindu, he enslaved his people, raped women, and killed innocent people (3). However, Enkindu not only nurtured Gilgameshââ¬â¢s talents, but also inspired him to defend his kingdom from the selfish gods. Like Gilgamesh, Achilles possessed superhuman qualities. Achilles also had close relationships with the gods. According to Lombardo and Murnaghan, Achilles was Achaean armyââ¬â¢s greatest warrior (9). However, Achilles betrayed his community due to a personal conflict with Agamemnon, Achaeanââ¬â¢s king, and Commander in Chief. Therefore, the writing depicts Achilles as a gifted, but a proud character. Lombardo and Murnaghan further cite that a mysterious plague attacked Achilles community (9). Therefore, Achilles conducted an investigation to reveal the cause. He consulted a fortune teller who claimed that Agamemnonââ¬â¢s arroganceShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1546 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad are two extremely different stories, The Iliad being a tale of war (specifically the Trojan War) while the Epic of Gilgamesh is a true Epic in the sense that it is a journey, all about the development of the characters. While there are many different themes throughout both books, one of the most important themes is the way that friendship develops both of the people involved and the way that it ties into the story overall. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1183 Words à |à 5 PagesIn the epics The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad, heroes Achilles and Gilgamesh have important relationships with characters that directly and indirectly give readers a look at the character we might not normally see. For the mighty demi-god Achilles, this is the warrior Patroclus, whom he has a great respect for. For the tyrannical King Gilgamesh, this was Enkidu, the hairy man sent by the gods. The relationships that these characters have with their companions open these characters up for readersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1412 Words à |à 6 Pagesaccordingly. 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The story of Gilgamesh and the Iliad destinies are moderately the same in significance of the conflicts and the ways of life both of the stories focused on a significant deaths. The Iliad and Gilgamesh is a remarkable reminder of the way life is in the present, but also how it is a little different. Both stories are similar in goals and destinies and how it affect the main charactersRead Mor e Comparing the Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Iliad Essay730 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad à One and the same lot for the man who hangs back and the man who battles hard. The same honor waits for the coward and the brave. They both go down to Death, the fighter who shirks, the one who works to exhaustion. (IX,385-88) Thus muses Achilles, one of epic poetrys greatest heroes. Epic poetry, one of the earliest forms of literature, began as an oral narration describing a series of mythical or historic events. EventuallyRead MoreWomen Of The Ancient Greek Work, The Iliad And The Mesopotamian Epic Of Gilgamesh2549 Words à |à 11 Pageswomen were considered inferior creature dependent on their male guardians throughout life. Historic accounts and epics of specific periods describe the role assigned to genders in those societies. This paper talks about the role of women presented in the ancient Greek work, the Iliad by Homer and the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh by anonymous author. Women role in the Iliad Homerââ¬â¢s Iliad contains an array of female characters that are both supernatural and human. The supernatural females or goddessesRead MoreGilgamesh, the Illiad, the Aeneid1661 Words à |à 7 PagesAnglo-Saxon era in history, long narrative poems, known as epics become all the rage. These poems were written in elevated styles that presented the adventures of a hero with superhuman qualities who embodied the national ideals. These ideals and adventures were presented through elements such as dreams, courage allowing the hero to overcome great trials, and a major battle scene. These elements, known as epic conventions, created epics that to this day continue to be read and taught throughoutRead MoreSimilarities Between Paradise Lost And Paradise Lost1239 Words à |à 5 PagesParadise Lost comparison to three epics of antiquity There are many ways to compare and contrast Paradise Lost with the three other epics of antiquity. The epics are Paradise Lost, Aeneid, The Epic Gilgamesh, and The Iliad. The most obvious difference is era. Paradise Lost is an epic poem from the 17th century and is written in blank verse which is the most modern phrasing method. According to an article on Enotes, out of the other three epics, the Iliad and Aeneid came from the same dactyllic
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Personal Statement Organizational Development Practitioner
Intro: Overview: Organizational development practitioner Rick Buccheri discussed his experiences of conflict management in several organizations. Primarily, his discourse was about the United Parcel Service and the Transportation Security Administration. He outlined his working theory that institutions should encourage ââ¬Å"conflict engagement.â⬠This is where individuals, groups, and systems would identify underlying conflicts that have yet to be expressed. Bucherri says good conflict engagement for at any level is as follows: â⬠¢ Seek the opportunity to be in conflict â⬠¢ Be energized by being in conflict â⬠¢ Incentivize being in conflict â⬠¢ Be passionate about being in conflict â⬠¢ Develop a culture of conflict engagement At the individual level, observant employees or managers can engage other people to uncover hidden anger or resentment. This individuals would seek an opportunity to be in conflict. Bucherri gave an example of recognizing a young man in distress and on the verge of tears. He stated that as an organizational development practitioner, it was his desire (he was energized) to engage the young man in conversation. Bucherri said that uncovering the stress in the young manââ¬â¢s life may have led to diffusing a potential conflict. He incentivized the young man to share by offering a listening ear with no judgement. Additionally, Bucherriââ¬â¢s actions echo what Runde and Flanagan espouse to be conflict competence at an organizational level. By helping the young man walk throughShow MoreRelatedEthics And Values Of An Organization818 Words à |à 4 PagesThe ethics and values that an Organizational Development (OD) professional follow are based on three philosophical principles. The three principles help to build the foundation of ethical values are utilitarianism, individual rights and distributive justice. 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In the case study, Itââ¬â¢s Your TurnRead MoreQualities Of A True Leader1161 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe opportunity to learn and being inspired by multiple leaders, who provided me with a solid foundation to understand their influence for change, to become successful, to defend an ideal or to simply guide others to work together to accomplish organizational goals. Employees can contribute with unique skills to reach the objectives of an organization. But, innat e leaders become the legitimate agents of transformational change whenever is needed to motivate their subordinates and to maximize the outcomesRead MoreOaths and Creeds by Elite Groups979 Words à |à 4 Pagesphysicians, it should be taken with an enforceable level of accountability and defined expectations if not legal obligation attached. While a lawyers code of ethics raises the obligation to a definable level, the various oaths taken at the state or organizational level of medical practices are empty of real meaning. The Hippocratic Oath is taken by 93% of medical school graduates, which makes it the oath most commonly taken by all medical professionals (Markel). In any of its various states, the HippocraticRead MorePublic Relations Essay818 Words à |à 4 Pagesrather ambiguous statement that could mean a number of different things. Public Relations can be summed up in two words: Public Relations! No more needs to be said. PR can be anything that affects a companys, organ izations, or individuals relative position within a market or society. The book, states the public relations practitioner serves as an intermediary between the organization that he or she represents and all of that organizations publics. Consequently, the PR practitioner has responsibilitiesRead MoreInternational Organization Development Organizational Development Thinking and Practices for Global Businesses Settings2663 Words à |à 11 Pagesincreasingly turning to organizational development practices to solve problems of inefficiency. However, they often face challenges when operating in the international context, especially when difficulties arise when companies combining international business, organization development and inter-cultural communication, fail to address the complexity and agility needed in todayââ¬â¢s global business arena. This paper will attempt to assess the strategies organizational development (OD) consultants can useRead MoreLegal Citation : Law Of Regents Of The Univ Essay1370 Words à |à 6 Pageswith the regard to the Mandated Safety Assessments Program. Dr. Barber reported to the other appellee, Dr. Douglas F. Covey, the Vice President of Student Affairs. On October 18th, 2011 Dr. Gunter met with the Universityââ¬â¢s Office of Opportunity Development and Diversity Education Planning (ODDEP) in order to express concerns regarding the Dr. Lee-Barberââ¬â¢s management of the Counseling and Testing Center. Dr. Gunter listed complaints including ââ¬Å"potential hostile work environmentâ⬠, retaliation, and office
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Yellow Wallpaper The Story Behind Jane s Metamorphosis
ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËThe Yellow Wallpaperââ¬â¢: The story behind Janeââ¬â¢s metamorphosisâ⬠In her literary work ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠, Charlotte Perkins Gilman portrays the nineteenth century women subjugation by setting the narrator to be diagnosed with a mental illness. The narrator is then taken to a country house where she develops a special interest with the yellow wallpaper in the room her husband places her. In spite of her social status as a woman of the nineteenth century, Jane faces a major metamorphosis that consists on shifting from being repressed to being liberated from her repressive spouse; her transition is accomplished through the writing of her diary, her determination to find the symbolic meaning of the wallpaper, her recognition and rebellion against Johnââ¬â¢s male chauvinism, and finally her decision to destroy the wallpaper aiming at liberation of the woman trapped behind it. It is of true surprise that ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠p arallels the story of Charlotte Perkins Gilman as she also suffered from a mental breakdown. In her effort to recover, Gilman turned to the foremost physician in the country, Weir Mitchell. She was subjected to his famous treatment ââ¬Å"the rest cureâ⬠in which she was instructed not to do any physical nor intellectual efforts and to have as much rest as possible. Since Gilman was not able to see any results, in fact, her illness seemed to worsen, she decided to retake regular activities. Unexpectedly, returning to her normal life helped her to recover and,
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Product Selected For the Sales Plan â⬠Free Samples for Students
Question: What Is the Product Selected For the Sales Plan? Answer: Introduction: The product which has been selected for the sales plan is Snickers. It was invented in 1930 and was a big hit. It was also called Marathon in UK. The bar consists of peanuts, caramel and nougat with a chocolate coating. It is made by American Company Mars. Goals: Goal is something that you hope to achieve. Some goals are:- 1) To provide customer with quality product. 2) To meet customer expectation so to ensure smooth sale of product. 3) To increase the sale of the snickers by creating awareness among people Snickers also aims to bring Joy and fun into peoples life. It aims to maintain level of consumption year and year out with little competition. 4) To create price competitive products (Makadok and Barney, 2001) Targets: It tells about the firm market opportunities. The firm targets the market by evaluating many types of market and decides in which quantity segment it will target. Chocolates are loved by everyone especially by children and women. Snicker targets basically to all the age groups who likes chocolate bars but it mainly targets teenagers and Millennial. A snicker is meant to be for all age groups it depend upon the people who love to eat chocolates. Snickers are not so costly everyone who loves to eat chocolate can afford it (Sherman, 2017). It is a convenient product which is available in all supermarkets and grocery stores. Snicker also used old iconic celebrities for their ads which attracts the attention of all the age groups towards a particular advertisement. It is an inexpensive product which can be purchased by everyone. It is tasty chocolate bar which can satisfy anyone (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2011) Strategies: 1) Snicker initiated different kinds of campaign. One of the famous campaign was You are not you, when you are hungry. This campaign won awards like IPA awards, AME Awards and also increased the global sale. 2.) Increase the consumption by targeting regular chocolate consumers through generating impulsive and dominant presence at point of sale. 3.) They are offering amazing packaging benefits when someone buys it for special occasions. Snicker is a significant player in gifting segment through occasion linked gift packs. 4.) They are giving maximum customer value at low price. Bulk purchase strategy is also used by snickers (Matsuno and Mentzer, 2000). 5.) Snicker is using many promotional tools like: - Print media, Social Media, Traditional Media. It maintained leadership image through a superior Marketing Mix. Tactics and Calendar: 1) Advertising CAMPAIGNS January-March 2) Public relations April- July 3) Events August -October 4) Social media campaigns November - January 5) Email marketing January - March References: Matsuno.K.and Mentzer, J.T., (2000). The effects of strategy type on market orientation performance relationship. Journal of marketing, Vol.64, No.4, pp: - 1 -16. Makadok . R. and Barney, J.B., (2001). Strategic factor intelligence: Application of information economics to strategy formulation and competitor intelligence, Management Science. Vol.47, No.12, pp: 1621-1638. Lamb, C.W., Hair .J.F., McDaniel, C. (2011).Essentials of marketing, Cengage learning. Sherman, E. (2017). Snickers Manages a Brilliant Marketing Campaign. Retrieved on 26 May 2017 from https://www.inc.com/erik-sherman/snickers-manages-a-brilliant-marketing-campaign.html.
Monday, April 6, 2020
Dolphins Of The Amazon River How Sotalia Fluviatilis And Inia Geoffre
Dolphins Of The Amazon River: How Sotalia Fluviatilis And Inia Geoffrensis Coexist In Their Habitat Kristi Simpson Biosc 491-14/Tropical Biology April, 1999 Dr. E. Pivorun Dolphins of the Amazon River: How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat The Amazon River and its lush, beautiful forest are surely among the most amazing ecosystems in the world. The ever-present, primordial cacophony that echoed in my ears as I stood breathlessly watching saddle-backed tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) leap from tree to tree is what I will forever crave to hear again. As a biology student, I have always read about the ?great biodiversity? of the neotropics, as the importance of habitat conservation and protection is beaten into my brain at every turn. Of course, as a naturalist, I agree with the prevailing opinion of today that our world is in dire need of help. However, I couldn't appreciate the true beauty and magic of the tropical Amazon until I was literally swimming in the middle of it, breathing in the wet, fragrant air and seeing the misting, puffing backs of the pink river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) circling around me. As a lover of all cetaceans, I was very interested in learning more about the dolphins of the Amazon River, but it was a surprise to find that the pink river dolphins (also called botos) are not the only species of cetacean in their habitat. Tucuxis (Sotalia fluviatilis) are smaller, sleeker inhabitants that share the waters with the botos, although they are also found in coastal waters of the South American Atlantic Ocean. The tucuxi looks like a miniature bottlenose dolphin, with its short beak and sleek design. It is important to make note that tucuxis are considered to be in two forms: the marine form and the freshwater form (Borobia et al. 1026). Borobia hypothesizes that the two forms, which vary for the most part in size, may be due to temperature differences, so that the marine form, as it inhabits colder seasonal temperatures than its riverine counterpart, is the larger of the two (1035). The tucuxi in any form, however, is much smaller than the boto, which, in fact, looks anything but graceful with its chubby body, small eyes, elongated beak, and bulbous forehead or ?melon.? The boto also has a flexible neck due to unfused neck vertebrae (Morell 29), adding to its seemingly awkward design; it is also the world's largest freshwater dolphin, as the males reach lengths of three meters and weights of 16o kilograms (Henningsen and Hempel 12). The most distinguishing characteristic, of course, is the pink hue that the botos are famous for; the tucuxis are dark grey. These morphological differences begin to explain why the botos and tucuxis coexist in seemingly identical habitats; I could not help but wonder how they utilize their respective food sources and keep from outcompeting each other. Their body designs allow for different feeding methods; for example, the pink dolphins' flexible neck as well as the ability to paddle forward with one flipper and backwards with another gives it more maneuverability in the flooded forests, where the trees and other vegetation can be dense (Morell 29). Botos will swim close to the bank, single out one fish, and chase it until it is caught. The tucuxi is not as maneuverable in the shallow, flooded forest, but instead is a fast swimmer; ?[t]hey whip through the water, often leaping high into the air, to drive small shoals of fish before them. Groups of Tucuxis often coordinate their operations, herding a shoal of fish towards the river bank or into a small bay then take turns in groups catching them (Henningse n and Hempel 15). Choice of prey is another difference between the two species. Botos will eat almost any kind of fish; Vera da Silva, biologist and boto researcher, ?found that they prey on nearly 50 species from 19 families (Morell 29).? However, according to Ritchie, ?[s]tudies indicate that Amazon river dolphins eat a variety of fishes, but they seem to prefer catfish and characins, including piranhas (33).? By contrast, the tucuxis' diet consists primarily of pelagic and schooling fish (Henningsen and Hempel 14, Borobia et al. 1035). Although I have separated morphology and choice of prey as differences between Inia
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